Go Migration Tools Compared: golang-migrate, goose, dbmate, Atlas
Four Go migration tools compared: file layouts, how each records applied versions, checksums, embedding in Go binaries, database support and where each fits.
Versioned SQL migrations guarded by an atlas.sum integrity file. SchemaDrawer runs Atlas 1.3.3 against a throw-away database of the engine you choose and returns an SVG of the schema it produces.
Upload the versioned migration directory: files named <version>_<title>.sql. The atlas.sum file may be included; it is recomputed before the migrations are applied, so an outdated one does not stop the drawing.
The sample below is the PetClinic schema written for Atlas, one of the sets SchemaDrawer's own tests draw on every engine:
migrations/ ├── 20240101000001_create_owners_and_pets.sql ├── 20240101000002_create_vets.sql ├── 20240101000003_create_visits.sql └── atlas.sum
SQL versioned migrations.
atlas migrate hash followed by atlas migrate apply. The database is a fresh PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, SQL Server, Oracle or SQLite container in the version you ask for; nothing of yours is touched.
PostgreSQL 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 MySQL 8.0, 8.4, 9 MariaDB 10.6, 11.4, 11.8, 12 SQL Server Oracle SQLite
Not offered for Atlas: SQL Server, Oracle. The tool ships no driver for them, so nothing could run.
migrationType=ATLASOwners, pets, types, vets, specialties and visits: the same seven tables every sample set on this site creates. These are the exact files the tests upload.
CREATE TABLE owners
(
id INT NOT NULL,
first_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
address VARCHAR(255),
city VARCHAR(80),
telephone VARCHAR(20),
CONSTRAINT pk_owners PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
CREATE TABLE types
(
id INT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT pk_types PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
CREATE TABLE pets
(
id INT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
birth_date DATE,
type_id INT NOT NULL,
owner_id INT NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT pk_pets PRIMARY KEY (id),
CONSTRAINT fk_pets_types FOREIGN KEY (type_id) REFERENCES types (id),
CONSTRAINT fk_pets_owners FOREIGN KEY (owner_id) REFERENCES owners (id)
);
CREATE TABLE vets
(
id INT NOT NULL,
first_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT pk_vets PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
CREATE TABLE specialties
(
id INT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT pk_specialties PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
CREATE TABLE vet_specialties
(
vet_id INT NOT NULL,
specialty_id INT NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT pk_vet_specialties PRIMARY KEY (vet_id, specialty_id),
CONSTRAINT fk_vet_specialties_vets FOREIGN KEY (vet_id) REFERENCES vets (id),
CONSTRAINT fk_vet_specialties_specialties FOREIGN KEY (specialty_id) REFERENCES specialties (id)
);
CREATE TABLE visits
(
id INT NOT NULL,
pet_id INT NOT NULL,
visit_date DATE,
description VARCHAR(255),
CONSTRAINT pk_visits PRIMARY KEY (id),
CONSTRAINT fk_visits_pets FOREIGN KEY (pet_id) REFERENCES pets (id)
);
h1:TpOtWuqhxQtvcIUEVxDE0tvMrRMZ5dB6ucp2WP79yBI=
20240101000001_create_owners_and_pets.sql h1:NLDvb6gR+TYWXAAkeR19cVSIgvT0DLsMo3QieF6e7c0=
20240101000002_create_vets.sql h1:XCP0DWSgFxuc1Cd/fl7DOTpce2kAzUT9n/Q+wyfqkmg=
20240101000003_create_visits.sql h1:xJZY+MigCeKok3XcK2gU/iq7XTGY9HiN9qceVRBt+wU=
Every variant of the sample produces these seven tables. This diagram was drawn from the Flyway variant on PostgreSQL 18; on MySQL the types read INT and VARCHAR, on Oracle the names are upper case.
One multipart request queues the drawing; poll the job until it succeeds and download the SVG. Or let the GitHub Action do it and open a pull request with the diagram.
curl -X POST https://schemadrawer.com/api/v1/drawing \
-H "Request-Id: $(uuidgen)" \
-F "userId=5f0c1d2e-3a4b-4c5d-8e6f-7a8b9c0d1e2f" \
-F "migrationType=ATLAS" \
-F "databaseType=POSTGRESQL" \
-F "version=18" \
-F "files=@migrations/20240101000001_create_owners_and_pets.sql" \
-F "files=@migrations/20240101000002_create_vets.sql" \
-F "files=@migrations/20240101000003_create_visits.sql" \
-F "files=@migrations/atlas.sum"
# {"jobId":"0b6e2f4c-8d1a-4c3e-9f7a-2a5b6c7d8e9f"}
Then poll GET https://schemadrawer.com/api/v1/drawing/{jobId} until status is SUCCESS and fetch diagramUrl. Details in the getting started guide and the API reference.
- uses: schemadrawercom/action@v1
with:
sql-directory: migrations
output-path: docs/schema-diagram.svg
migration-type: ATLAS
database-type: POSTGRESQL
database-version: '18'
github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
The action uploads the directory, waits for the diagram and opens a pull request with the SVG. See the action reference.
search_path=public.atlas_schema_revisions table is left out of the diagram.Four Go migration tools compared: file layouts, how each records applied versions, checksums, embedding in Go binaries, database support and where each fits.
What schema drift is, how it creeps in through hotfixes and unsynced environments, the tools that detect it and the workflow that stops it coming back.
Editing applied migrations, environment-specific scripts, ORM auto-DDL in production, untested rollbacks: ten habits that break deployments, with a fix for each.
Upload the migration directory, get an SVG back. Free while we build it.